Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): TBI can result from blunt trauma (falls, motor vehicle accidents etc), or penetrating trauma (such as gun shot wounds, stab wounds etc). There are many types of brain injury following head trauma including bleeds around the brain such as subdural or epidural hemorrhage and injury to the brain tissue itself such as contusions or bruising of the brain. Rapid acceleration- deceleration injury (as in motor vehicle accidents) can cause shearing of the brain tissue which is called diffuse axonal injury. Elevated pressure in the skull is a serious consequence of TBI and must be treated rapidly and aggressively. Many types of TBI are treated by surgically removing the blood (subdural, epidural hemorrhage) or part of the skull to treat the pressure in the brain. Special medications can also be given to lower brain pressure.