Accelerating Prediction of Malignant Cerebral Edema After Ischemic Stroke with Automated Image Analysis and Explainable Neural Networks

Accelerating Prediction of Malignant Cerebral Edema After Ischemic Stroke with Automated Image Analysis and Explainable Neural Networks

By: Hossein Mohammadian Foroushani, Ali Hamzehloo, Atul Kumar, Yasheng Chen, Laura Heitsch, Agnieszka Slowik, Daniel Strbian, Jin-Moo Lee, Daniel S. Marcus & Rajat Dhar 
First Online: 20 August 2021
 

abstract

Background

Malignant cerebral edema is a devastating complication of stroke, resulting in deterioration and death if hemicraniectomy is not performed prior to herniation. Current approaches for predicting this relatively rare complication often require advanced imaging and still suffer from suboptimal performance. We performed a pilot study to evaluate whether neural networks incorporating data extracted from routine computed tomography (CT) imaging could enhance prediction of edema in a large diverse stroke cohort.

Methods

An automated imaging pipeline retrospectively extracted volumetric data, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes and the hemispheric CSF volume ratio, from baseline and 24 h CT scans performed in participants of an international stroke cohort study. Fully connected and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks were trained using serial clinical and imaging data to predict those who would require hemicraniectomy or die with midline shift. The performance of these models was tested, in comparison with regression models and the Enhanced Detection of Edema in Malignant Anterior Circulation Stroke (EDEMA) score, using cross-validation to construct precision-recall curves.

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